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Objective:To learn about the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years in Xiamen City after the reform of salt industry system, and to provide scientific basis for reasonable prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:From 2017 to 2019, 6 districts were selected each year in Xiamen City 5 sampling districts were divided according to the oriation of east, west, south, north and center in each district. One town (street, hereinafter refered as to town) was selected from each sampling district. One primary school was selected from each town. For each primary school, at least 40 non-boarding children aged 8 to 10 years (age balanced, half male and half female) were selected. Edible salt samples in the households and random urine samples of children aged 8 to 10 years were collected, and salt iodine and urinary iodine contents were measured, while thyroid volume was examined by B-ultrasound.Results:From 2017 to 2019, the coverage rate of iodized salt in Xiamen City was 97.34% (1 206/1 239), 96.89% (1 214/1 253), and 93.33% (1 175/1 259), respectively; the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.13% (1 191/1 239), 95.61% (1 198/1 253), and 91.58% (1 153/1 259), respectively; the median urinary iodine was 182.90, 182.81, 164.00 μg/L, respectively. The prevalence of goiter of boys and girls was 1.01% (19/1 889) and 2.26% (42/1 862), respectively.Conclusions:After the reform of salt industry system, the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years is generally at an appropriate level in Xiamen City. However, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt is reduced, which increases the risk of iodine deficiency for residents. Therefore, we should strengthen the propaganda of scientific iodine supplement, maintain a high consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, and prevent the harm of iodine deficiency.
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Background Lead is widely distributed. Lead exposure interferes with early life development in zebrafish, but the mechanisms by which lead exposure affects skeletal development and cardiac development are not clear as yet. Objective To investigate the molecular mechanisms of bone development and cardiac development toxicity induced by lead acetate exposure. Methods Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of lead acetate (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 μmol·L−1) for 3 h post-fertilization (3 hpf) until 5 d post-fertilization (5 dpf). The malformation phenotypes of 5 dpf were counted, and the mRNA expressions of spinal development-related genes (bmp2b, bmp4, bmp9, runx2a, runx2b) and heart development-related genes (nkx2.5, myh6, myh7) were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Expressions of genes of development-related regulatory pathways including Wnt/β-catenin pathway (wnt5a, wnt8a, wnt10a, β-catenin) and TGF-β pathway (tgf-β1, tgf-β2) as well as key molecule eph of Eph-Ephrin signaling were analyzed. Results At 5 dpf, the zebrafish in the lead acetate treated groups showed deformed phenotypes including spinal curvature and pericardial sac edema compared to the control group. In the lead acetate groups at 24 and 48 μmol·L−1, the spinal curvature deformity rates reached 26.47% and 71.52% (P<0.01) respectively. The qPCR results revealed that the expression levels of spinal development-related genes bmp2b, bmp4, bmp9, runx2a, and runx2b were downregulated in the 48 μmol·L−1 exposure group compared to the control group by 82.8%, 58.0%, 88.7%, 85.5%, and 69.2%, respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the expression levels of heart development-related genes myh6, myh7, and nkx2.5 were down-regulated by 63.7%, 58.9%, and 55.2%, respectively (P<0.01); the expression levels of wnt8a and β-catenin in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were down-regulated by 71.5% and 47.3% (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), respectively; the expression level of tgf- β1 in the TGF-β pathway was down-regulated by 67.5% (P<0.01); the expression level of eph was down-regulated by 86.9% (P<0.01). Conclusion Lead acetate exerts developmental toxic effects on zebrafish heart and bone by down-regulating the expressions of genes related to spinal development and heart development, as well as inhibiting development-related Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β pathways and Eph-Ephrin signaling, causing malformed phenotypes such as spinal curvature and pericardial sac edema.
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Objective:To study the effect of duodenal papillary morphology on selective biliary cannulation (SBC).Methods:Data of 912 patients with biliopancreatic diseases treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) at the Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Duodenal papillary morphology of patients was classified into 4 types by using Haraldsson's endoscopic classification. The success rate of SBC, the pre-incision rate, the difficult intubation rate and the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) of different papillary types were analyzed.Results:A total of 912 patients were enrolled in this study, and 86.95% (793/912) duodenal papilla conformed to one type of the classification, of which 77.18% (612/793) were regular type (type Ⅰ), 10.21% (81/793) small nipple type (type Ⅱ), 8.58% (68/793) protruding or drooping type (type Ⅲ), and 4.04% (32/793) wrinkled or ridged type (type Ⅳ). The success rates of SBC in four types of duodenal papilla were 98.86% (605/612), 90.12% (73/81), 88.24% (60/68) and 96.60% (28/32) respectively. The success rate of SBC of type Ⅰ was higher than those of type Ⅱ-Ⅳ (all P<0.008) and there was no significant difference between those of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ ( P> 0.008). The pre-incision rate in the four types of duodenal papilla were 7.84% (48/612), 32.10% (26/81), 50.00% (34/68) and 25.00% (8/32) respectively. The pre-incision rate of type Ⅰ was lower than those of type Ⅱ-Ⅳ (all P<0.008), and there was no significant difference between those of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ ( P>0.008). The difficult intubation rate in the four types of duodenal papilla were 12.42% (76/612), 39.51% (32/81), 58.82% (40/68) and 28.12% (9/32) respectively .The difficult intubation rate of type Ⅰ was lower than those of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (both P<0.001), and that of type Ⅲ was higher than that of type Ⅳ ( P=0.004) . There was no significant difference between those of type Ⅰ and type Ⅳ or type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (both P>0.008). The incidences of PEP of the four types were 2.61% (16/612), 12.35% (10/81), 5.88% (4/68) and 6.25% (2/32) respectively. The incidences of PEP of type Ⅱ was higher than that of type Ⅰ ( P<0.001) , and there was no significant difference between those of type Ⅰ and type Ⅳ or type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (both P>0.008). Conclusion:SBC is affected by duodenal papilla morphology, easiest for type Ⅰ and hard for type Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Attention should be paid to risk of PEP in SBC of type Ⅱ.
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Objective:To compare serum procalcitonin and fibrinogen degradation product levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with Escherichia coli bloodstream and urinary tract infections. Methods:The clinical data of 82 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with Escherichia coli infections who received treatment between December 2014 and December 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Datong University (The Fifth People's Hospital of Datong) were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were assigned to bloodstream infection ( n = 40) and urinary tract infection ( n = 42) according to the way of Escherichia coli infection. Serum procalcitonin and fibrinogen degradation product levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, D-Dimer level, antithrombin III activity, and electrolytes were determined and compared between the two groups. Correlation between procalcitonin and other variables was analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with procalcitonin level as a dependent variable and other relevant indexes as independent variables. Results:Body temperature, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, procalcitonin level, C-reactive protein level, fibrinogen degradation product level, and D-Dimer level in the bloodstream injection group were (39.49 ± 0.64) ℃, (14.92 ± 11.78) × 10 9/L, (13.39 ± 11.60) × 10 9/L, (0.72 ± 0.36) ×10 9/L, (14.86 ± 10.52), (199.15 ± 160.69), (22.81 ± 17.86) μg/L, (133.44 ± 63.63) mg/L, (49.71 ± 41.44) mg/L, (16.56 ± 12.20) mg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the urinary tract infection group [(37.12 ± 1.20) ℃, (9.04 ± 3.95) × 10 9/L, (6.25 ± 4.02) × 10 9/L, (0.42 ± 0.29) × 10 9/L, (3.67 ± 3.34), (120.01 ± 44.08), (4.46 ± 8.69) μg/L, (39.22 ± 22.16) mg/L, (3.81 ± 3.41) mg/L, (0.84 ± 0.75) mg/L), t = 7.356, 2.578, 3.162, 2.958, 5.538, 2.591, 2.810, 4.825, 2.902, 2.375, all P < 0.05]. Platelet count, lymphocyte count, blood sodium level and antithrombin Ⅲ activity in the bloodstream infection group were (167.50 ± 104.93) × 10 9/L, (1.06 ± 0.58) × 10 9/L, (130.89 ± 6.50) mmol/L, (57.88 ± 16.28)% , which were significantly lower than those in the urinary tract infection group [(239.40 ± 82.52)× 10 9/L, (2.14 ± 0.71) × 10 9/L, (138.46 ± 5.96) mmol/L, (90.11 ± 8.90)%, t = -2.853, -6.313, -4.046, -7.350, all P < 0.05]. Correlation analysis revealed that serum procalcitonin level was positively correlated with body temperature ( r = 0.387), white blood cell count ( r = 0.355), neutrophil count ( r = 0.368), C-reactive protein ( r = 0.605), fibrinogen degradation product level ( r = 0.616), D-Dimer level ( r = 0.486) (all P < 0.05), and it was negatively correlated with sodium level ( r = -0.319) and antithrombin Ⅲ activity ( r = -0.465) (both P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis results revealed that fibrinogen degradation product level and body temperature were greatly correlated with procalcitonin level. Conclusion:Inflammatory indicators procalcitonin level, body temperature, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen degradation product level and D-Dimer level were remarkably higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with Escherichia coli bloodstream infection than those in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. Procalcitonin level was greatly correlated with body temperature and fibrinogen degradation product level.
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Objective:We study the clinical effect of (Traditional Chinese Medicine) TCM psychological sleep regulation technique in treating insomnia with deficiency of heart and gallbladder qi.Methods:A total of 60 patients from the Sleep Medicine Special Outpatient Department of Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, who met the inclusion criteria from June 2020 to March 2021, were divided into 2 groups with 30 in each group, by random number table method. The treatment group were treated with TCM psychological sleep regulation technology. The control group were treated with Zopiclone tablets for 4 weeks. We used the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to assess the severity of insomnia, the self-developed TCM syndrome to assess the severity of symptoms, and the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes Scale to assess the unreasonable cognition related to sleep before and after treatment. The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) was used to assess the safety of the 2 groups in the 4th week of treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 77.7% (23/30) in the treatment group and 80.0% (24/30) in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.098, P=0.754). After treatment, the score of TCM syndromes in the treatment group (5.15 ± 2.66 vs. 8.98 ± 2.05, t=-1.552) was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05), and the DBAS-30 score (125.84 ± 20.57 vs. 82.89 ± 21.64, t=2.445) was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:TCM psychological sleep control technology can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with insomnia, and heart and gallbladder qi deficiency. The efficacy is similar to that of Zopiclone, and it is superior to western medicine in improving beliefs and attitudes of sleep.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to develop a Humanistic Practice Ability of Nursing (HPAN) scale adapted to China and validate its psychometric properties. @*Methods@#The original HPAN scale was revised through a literature review. Sixteen experts who met the inclusion criteria were consulted 2 rounds by the Delphi method. According to their suggestions and opinions, the structure, content, and semantics of each item of HPAN were modified, and a HPAN scale was preliminarily developed. The HPAN scale was validated through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and reliability. The data came from 406 first-class hospital nurses. @*Results@#A 5-dimension, 29-item HPAN scale demonstrated satisfactory fit with significant factor loadings. The split-half reliability coefficient of the scale was .98, the split-half reliability coefficient of each dimension was .86–.99, Cronbach's α coefficient was .96, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was .87–.98. The model fit of the scale was good, and the items of the scale showed convergent and discriminant validity. @*Conclusion@#The HPAN scale indicated that the reliability and validity were good. It is easy to imply factors of HPAN. This scale can be used to assess the HPAN.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to develop a Humanistic Practice Ability of Nursing (HPAN) scale adapted to China and validate its psychometric properties. @*Methods@#The original HPAN scale was revised through a literature review. Sixteen experts who met the inclusion criteria were consulted 2 rounds by the Delphi method. According to their suggestions and opinions, the structure, content, and semantics of each item of HPAN were modified, and a HPAN scale was preliminarily developed. The HPAN scale was validated through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and reliability. The data came from 406 first-class hospital nurses. @*Results@#A 5-dimension, 29-item HPAN scale demonstrated satisfactory fit with significant factor loadings. The split-half reliability coefficient of the scale was .98, the split-half reliability coefficient of each dimension was .86–.99, Cronbach's α coefficient was .96, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was .87–.98. The model fit of the scale was good, and the items of the scale showed convergent and discriminant validity. @*Conclusion@#The HPAN scale indicated that the reliability and validity were good. It is easy to imply factors of HPAN. This scale can be used to assess the HPAN.
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Cardiomyocytes injury model has been widely used in the study for the molecular mechanism of cardiovascular diseases and drug action. It is very important to select the appropriate model due to the different formation mechanisms for various models. Clinical cardiovascular pathological change is relatively complex. Currently used models according to the characteristics of clinical cardiovascular diseases mainly include hydrogen peroxide-induced myocardial cell damage model, hypoxia reoxygenation injury model, adriamycin-induced myocardial cell damage model, high sugar high fat-induced myocardial cell damage model, and isoprenaline-induced myocardial cell damage model. Every model has its advantages as well as its disadvantages. The suitable model of myocardial cell injury can be selected according to the research purpose.
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Animals , Rats , Cell Hypoxia , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Myocardium , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , ResearchABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of different stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy(DN), and to explore the possible factors affecting visceral fat area (VFA).Methods:From September 2018 to March 2019, 464 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Datong University were selected.Among them, 315 patients with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR)<30 mg/g were selected as normal proteinuria group, 72 patients with UACR 30-299 mg/g were selected as microalbuminuria group, 45 patients with UACR>300 mg/g were selected as massive proteinuria group, and 32 patients with serum creatinine higher than the reference value were selected as renal failure group.The serum creatinine of the first three groups was in the normal range.The clinical data of these patients such as blood pressure, body mass index(BMI), VFA, subcutaneous fat area(SFA), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(BAPWV), blood lipid, renal function and blood sugar were collected and compared among the four groups.Using VFA as strain and other indicators as independent variables, multivariate linear regression analysis was carried out.Results:There were statistically significant differences among the four groups in age, height, weight, BMI, head circumference, neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio ( F=15.580, 4.679, 6.186, 3.553, 3.153, 2.689, 5.170, 3.114, 3.535, all P<0.05). The VFA of the normal proteinuria group, microalbuminuria group, massive proteinuria group and renal failure group were (102.25±37.09)cm 2, (104.12±40.93)cm 2, (119.63±48.82)cm 2, (110.54±41.58)cm 2, respectively, and the BAPWV were (1 546.97±330.18)cm/s, (1 595.52 ±381.27)cm/s, (1 459.63±285.61)cm/s, (1 703.89±318.64)cm/s, the differences were statistically significant among the four groups( F=3.344, 4.020, all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, red blood cell, hemoglobin, ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR) and ratio of platelets to lymphocytes (PLR) among the four groups ( F=3.405, 15.535, 6.552, 2.803, 6.158, 15.580, 3.764, 3.262, all P<0.05). With VFA as strain, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that waist circumference, BMI, TG and BAPWV were risk factors for VFA. Conclusion:DN is associated with multiple obesity-related indicators and inflammatory indicators such as NLR, PLR; VFA is associated with BAPWV.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between procalcitonin(PCT) and insulin resistance in diabetic foot infection.Methods:Sixty patients with diabetic foot infection hospitalized in the Fifth People's Hospital of Datong from March 2015 to March 2017 were selected and divided into three groups according to the value of PCT: slightly elevated group(L group, n=18), moderately elevated group(M group, n=21), highly elevated group(H group, n=21). Another 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were collected as control group.The PCT, C-reactive protein(CRP), white blood cell count(WBC), fasting and postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were calculated and compared. Results:In the control group, the levels of PCT, HOMA-IR, CRP and WBC were (0.14±0.12)μg/L, (17.70±8.86), (32.90±24.19)mg/L, (8.01±2.21)×10 9/L, respectively, which in the L group were (0.31±0.14)μg/L, (20.42±9.71), (50.85±27.81)mg/L, (9.95±3.35)×10 9/L, respectively, which in the M group were (1.11±0.52)μg/L, (24.08±14.09), (64.31±40.21)mg/L, (10.86±2.25)×10 9/L, respectively, which in the H group were (5.31±3.04)μg/L, (31.73±14.13), (72.29±50.26)mg/L, (12.51±5.51)×10 9/L, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences among the four groups( F=50.744, 5.195, 4.303, 5.252, all P<0.01). With the increase of PCT, the levels of WBC, CRP and HOMA-IR were increased, and HOMA-IR was positively correlated with PCT( r=0.265, P=0.017). Conclusion:Serum level of PCT has correlation with infection degree of diabetic foot and is positively correlated with insulin resistance.
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Objective To study the effect of baseline clinical characteristics of elderly female patients on their long-term ischemic cardiovascular events.Methods Of the 614elderly patients admitted to our center from April 2008to July 2010,144elderly female patients were divided into female cardiovascular events group(n=43)and female control group(n=101),470elderly male patients were divided into male cardiovascular events group(n=127)and male control group(n= 343).Their baseline clinical characteristics were compared.The patients were followed up for 4.5-6.7(5.6±0.9)years,during which the relationship between first ever acute ischemic cardiovascular events and their clinical factors were analyzed.Results The incidence of grade 2hypertension,grade 3hypertension and hypercholesterolemia,the ratios of antiplatelet drug therapy,CCB therapy and hypoglycemic drug therapy were significantly higher while the history of smoking was significantly shorter,the incidence of chronic renal insufficiency and the ratios of statins therapy,nitrates therapy and ACEI/ARB therapy were significantly lower in female patients than in male patients.The incidence of chronic renal insufficiency was significantly higher in female cardiovascular events group than in female control group(9.3％vs 1.0％,P=0.03).The age was significantly older,the incidence of CHD,ischemic cerebral stroke,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the ratio of nitrates therapy were significantly higher in male cardiovascular events group than in male control group.Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the endpoint events were related with CHD,grade 2hypertension,grade 3hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,chronic renal insufficiency in female patients(HR=2.56,95％CI:1.19-5.54,P=0.017;HR=3.29,95％ CI:1.14-9.52,P=0.028;HR=2.77,95％CI:1.08-7.12,P=0.034;HR=2.61,95％CI:1.27-5.36,P=0.009;HR=22.70,95％CI:5.22-98.78,P=0.000)and were related with age,CHD and ischemic cerebral stroke in male patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion The effect of baseline clinical characteristics of elderly patients on their long-term ischemic cardiovascular events is different in males and females.The incidence of long-term cardiovascular events is closely related with the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in elderly females.
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Objective To study the clinical effect of fasudil plus cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection in treating diabetic deafness and tinnitus.Methods From January 2016 to December 2016,60 patients with diabetic deafness and tinnitus in the Fifth People＇s Hospital of Datong were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table ,with 30 cases in each group.The treatment group received fasudil injection plus cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection (iv gtt),and the control group received cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection.The effective rate after treatment for 10 days and 20 days were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group ,the effective rate of hearing in the treatment group was not higher at 10 days after treatment (26.7%vs.16.7%,χ2 ＝0.884,P＝0.347),while it was higher in the treatment group at 20 days after treatment (53.3%vs.26.7%,χ2 ＝4.444,P＝0.035).The effective rate of tinnitus in the treatment group at 10 days after treatment was not higher compared with the control group (30.0%vs.20.0%,χ2 ＝1.491,P＝0.222),while it was higher in the treatment group at 20 days after treatment (56.7% vs.30.0%,χ2 ＝4.344,P＝0.037).As far as hearing threshold :there were no statistically significant differences between the control group and the observation group before treatment and 10 days after treatment ( all P ＞0.05).The hearing threshold of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group at 20 days after treatment (t＝－2.511,P＝0.02 ).Conclusion The combination therapy of fasudil injection plus cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection has better efficacy for diabetic deafness and tinnitus.
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Objective@#To study the clinical effect of fasudil plus cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection in treating diabetic deafness and tinnitus.@*Methods@#From January 2016 to December 2016, 60 patients with diabetic deafness and tinnitus in the Fifth People's Hospital of Datong were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table, with 30 cases in each group.The treatment group received fasudil injection plus cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection (iv gtt), and the control group received cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection.The effective rate after treatment for 10 days and 20 days were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the effective rate of hearing in the treatment group was not higher at 10 days after treatment (26.7% vs.16.7%, χ2=0.884, P=0.347), while it was higher in the treatment group at 20 days after treatment (53.3% vs.26.7%, χ2=4.444, P=0.035). The effective rate of tinnitus in the treatment group at 10 days after treatment was not higher compared with the control group (30.0% vs.20.0%, χ2=1.491, P=0.222), while it was higher in the treatment group at 20 days after treatment (56.7% vs.30.0%, χ2=4.344, P=0.037). As far as hearing threshold: there were no statistically significant differences between the control group and the observation group before treatment and 10 days after treatment(all P>0.05). The hearing threshold of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group at 20 days after treatment (t=-2.511, P=0.02).@*Conclusion@#The combination therapy of fasudil injection plus cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection has better efficacy for diabetic deafness and tinnitus.
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Objective To evaluate the role of spinal cord tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)signaling pathway in the development of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP)in rats.Methods Clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2 months,weighing 180-230 g,in which IT catheters were implanted,were used in this study.Streptozotocin 60 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected after IT catheterization to establish the model of DNP.Twelve DNP rats were divided into 2 groups (n =6 each) by a random number table method:DNP group and DNP plus TRAF6 inhibitor group (group DTR).Another 6 age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats were used as normal control group (group NC).The rats in group DC and group DTR received IT injection of dimethyl sulfoxide 10 μl and TRAF6 inhibition 10 μg,respectively,once a day for 7 consecutive days starting from day 21 after establishing the model.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was determined before establishing the model (T1),on 7,14 and 21 days after establishing the model (T2-4),and on 1,4 and 7 days after IT injection (T5-7).The rats were sacrificed after the last MWT measurement,and the L3-5 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of TRAF6 and NFκB p65 by Western blot.Results Compared with group NC,the MWT at T3-7 in group DC and at T3-6 in group DTR was significantly decreased,and the expression of spinal TRAF6 and NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in DC and DTR groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group DC,the MWT was significantly increased at T6-7,and the expression of spinal TRAF6 and NF-κB p65 was down-regulated in group DTR (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Spinal cord TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the development of DNP in rats.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Shenmai injection on myocardial cells with oxidative injury and the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) was used to induce the oxidative stress in H9c2 myocardial cells. The cell viability and ATP level were evaluated using MTT-colorimetric method and CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay. The oxygen respiration rate was examined by Clark oxygen electrode. Pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) levels were evaluated by ELISA kit. Western blot and quantitative real-time RT-PCR were employed to evaluate the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1(PDHA1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1).@*RESULTS@#Shenmai injection significantly improved viability and respiration of H9c2 myocardial cells after t-BHP injury (0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Shenmai injection protects mitochondria from oxidative stress by increasing PDH level, which indicates that it may improve energy metabolism of myocardial cells.
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Animals , Rats , Cell Line , Cell Survival , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation , Mitochondria , Myocytes, Cardiac , Oxidative Stress , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases , Genetics , Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide) , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the effects of genetic factors and non-genetic factors on warfarin dosage in pregnant women after heart valve replacement. Methods: Totally 68 pregnant women were treated with warfarin throughout pregnancy. PCR-chip method was used to detect the polymorphism of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene,and the clinical data were collected. The effects of genetic factors and non-genetic factors on stable dosage of warfarin were statistically analyzed. Results: CYP2C9, VKORCl genotypes and weight had sig-nificant effects on warfarin dosage. The three variables could explain 44. 6% of warfarin individual differences. Conclusion: Genetic factors have significant effect on warfarin dosage in pregnant patients, so the detection of genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9 and VKORCl can be applied to individualize warfarin dosage in pregnant patients with heart valve replacement.
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Objective:To explore the role played by clinical pharmacists in the formulation and pharmaceutical care of individual-ized administration of warfarin. Methods:Clinical pharmacists adopted maximum a posteriori Bayesian method to formulate the dosage regimen of patients treated with warfarin and monitored the implementation process. The increase of INR was timely identified on ac-count of drug interactions to avoid bleeding events,as well as the decrease of INR caused by patients' medication mistakes to avoid re-currence of thrombosis. Results:The maximum a posterior Bayesian estimation method could be used to estimate and guide clinical medication,which showed great reference value for individualized drug regimen. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should formulate in-dividualized administration plan according to genetic testing results and choose optimal treatment for patients. Moreover,the implemen-tation of dosage regimen should be monitored during the whole progress,so as to timely find INR abnormal fluctuations due to disease interactions,drug interactions,poor treatment compliance and so on,and consequently improve anticoagulant effect and reduce adverse reactions such as bleeding and thrombosis etc.
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Objective To analyze the relationships of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) with regulatory T cells (Treg), T helper 17 cells (Th17) and cytokine secrtion in peripheral blood of gravidas with preeclampsia(PE),and to investigate the mechanism of HMGB1 in regulating Th17/Treg ratio via receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-IL-6 pathway. Methods Forty gravi-das with mild(20 cases) and severe(20 cases) PE were recruited as experimental groups,20 heathy gravi-das in the third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled as control group. Concentrations of HMGB1,IL-6,IL-17 and TGF-β in peripheral blood of all subjects were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of RAGE at mRNA lev-el in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs). The percentages of Treg and Th17 cells were determined by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was performed to analyze changes in the expression of RAGE,IL-6,Foxp3 and RORγt at mRNA level after the PBMCs isolated from 20 garvidas with PE were cultured in vitro and stimula-ted with recombinant human HMGB1 (rhHMGB1). Results The levels of HMGB1,IL-6,Th17 and IL-17 in peripheral blood of gravidas with PE were significantly higher than those in the normal pregnancy group. Moreover,HMGB1 level was positively correlated with IL-6 level and ratios of Th17/Treg and IL-17/TGF-β in preeclamptic pregancies. In vitro stimulation of PBMCs with rhHMGB1 significantly enhanced the expres-sion of RAGE,IL-6 and RORγt at mRNA level, but suppressed the expression of Foxp3 at mRNA level. Conclusion Enriched HMGB1 in plasma shifts the Th17/Treg balance towards Th17 dominance via the RAGE-IL-6 pathway, which exacerbates inflammation and participates in the onset of preeclampsia during pregnancy.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the activity of NADPH oxidase during acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty-two pathogenfree healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-230 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group),intestinal I/R group (I/R group),vehicle group (Veh group) and resveratrol group (Res group).Intestinal I/R was produced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 75 min followed by 4 h of reperfusion.In group Res,resveratrol 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 5 consecutive days before establishment of the model and at 15 min before ischemia.The equal volume of vehicle (0.5％ alcohol) was intraperitoneally injected in group Veh.The equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected in Sham and I/R groups.At the end of reperfusion,the rats were sacrificed and the lung was removed for microscopic examination of pathologic changes which were scored and for determination of wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (by colorimetric method) and expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (gp91phox and p47phox) in lung tissues (by Western blot).Results Compared with group Sham,pathologic scores,W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly increased,the expression of gp91phox and p47phox was up-regulated,and the activity of SOD was decreased in I/R and Veh groups (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R and Veh groups,pathologic scores,W/D ratio and MDA content were significantly decreased,the expression of gp91phox and p47phox was down-regulated,and the activity of SOD was increased in group Res (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which resveratrol reduces intestinal I/R-induced acute lung injury is related to inhibiting NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress response of rats.
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Objective To evaluate the value of neurophysiological index ( NI) in evaluating the rate of progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) . Methods Forty-eight patients with ALS were enrolled in Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University from January 2010 to August 2016, of whom 36 patients met the ALS definite diagnostic criteria , 12 patients met the ALS probable diagnostic criteria ( following study confirmed those patients met the ALS definite diagnostic criteria ) , including 8 bulbar-onset and 40 upper extremity onset forms of the disease .Fifty-four age-and sex-matched healthy subjects served as controls.After evaluated by the ALS Functional Rating Scale-revised ( ALSFRS-R) , all subjects underwent electrophysiological examination in the Electromyography Lab of the hospital .The rate of disease progression (ΔFS) =48-total ALSFRS-R score at initial visit/symptom duration (months).The relevance between the complex muscle action potential (CMAP), F frequency, distal motor latency (DML), NI and the ΔFS was investigated respectively.Results In ALS group, the ALSFRS-R score was 14.56 ±10.10, the duration from onset to diagnosis was (14.56 ±10.10) months, and theΔFS was 1.54 ±1.18 per month.The median nerve NI in ALS group was 0.60 ±0.76, in control group was 2.56 ±0.78, with statistically significant difference between two groups (t=-12.5, P<0.01).The ulnar nerve NI in ALS group was 0.70 ±0.55, in control group was 0.96 ±0.10, also with statistically significant difference between two groups (t=-0.31, P=0.003).The median nerve NI and ulnar nerve NI both were negatively correlated withΔFS (r=-0.63, P=0.000; r=-0.506, P=0.007).The ΔFS was exponentially based on median nerve NI (R2 =0.668, P<0.01).Conclusion NI is an objective electrophysiological index , which could be used to evaluate the rate of disease progression in ALS , and to evaluate the prognosis of the disease .